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The historic preservation plan focuses community effort
on preserving historic resources that are recognized for
their economic " soc�al ° or cultural value, and it defines the
role of government in that process. Preservation must be a
community or neighborhood effort to succeed , and ,
accordingly, all participants in the proL^ , citizens and
government officials, must understand the goals that are
sought to be achieved and the means that thr= romm�nity will
employ to achieve them. As a set of goals and objectives,
the historic preservation plan constitutes an agreement on
the historic resources that have community value and what
should be done to preserve them. By providing assurances
that the particular sense of place which distinguishes the
community and attracts residents to it will be prot �L,� ,
people are given reason to make a cc=.itment to neighborhoods
and to community. The historic 7ireservation plan should
invite residents to help protect the asp�LLt, of the cc--unity
that drew them to it--it= historic rharacter and distinct
charm.
In addition to municipal self-interestv there are
compelling statutory and lgal reasons for introducing a
historic preservation element into the city's comprehensive
plan~ Legislation at the federal and state levels has for
m�� decades 1.--and in the direction of formal planning for
� ~0 historic pre=ervation purposes. The first piece of federal
historic preservation legislation was=. the Antiquities Act of
1906, which levied penalties for damaging or destroying
historic or prehistoric sitras on public lands and authoriz�d
the president to reserve appropriate national landmarks for
protection. The Historic Sites Act of 1935 provided the
first declaration of a national preservation policy and
authorized the Secretary of Interior to begin a survey of
nationally significant historic sites. The act also
e-zqtablished the National Register of Historic Places.
The 1966 National Historic Preservation Act , called for
systematic appraisal of significant cultural resources and
establi-.7.had state historic preservation offices to direct
such studies and implement the National Register program,
which was expanded to includeC6-7.1. S- f local and state
importance.
There has been in the twentieth century a growing body
of case law that upholds the right of local governments to
employ the "police power" for aesthetic purposes. The 1980
amendments to the National Historic Preservation Act
encouraged strengthening of local legislation for the
designation and protection of historic properties. Many
lucal government� had en�cted such legislation before 19B0
�m�� '
� � but came under legal attack, particularly before the 1978
Supreme Court decision in the case of Penn Central
Transportation Company vs. City of New York , which sustained
the constitutionality of employing the so-called police power
^-
of lo=-=i government for aesthetic purposes.
Historian
Frederick
JacksonTurner
suggested the western_te .
movement ii American History
i.to _y t_s accomplished
t_:fp7i-hed _ istages, withtaking
_ p the
land to be followed a d L others
t h__ w h o
i_F'sl� i e i ��.� 1=�.1�3� �y.: - .._ __-.. 3 !..=t �J;.=- .-y _ '>f!-. _. a.
used the lend in _ different
iff_r=__ tiveliho ta One of the values
of
v . the study _ . f 3ist=°. y is to understand where e as a
nation, _ state or individual La,om come
L :Qfrom. It
gZve= us
_.s == of connection, i gives continuity andin turn provides: 2 =�=
n t s end-' that
t had _. imprint on
-
-r- i:i'i? - _ 3{..f how n.:.s--�' F'-_.- ;_:� E if33�: titi. ii
the cultural lendeke well es upon the _ .di1i__._._s w
hn
reside in the nation or city. it gives us _. Then__ of
place. "
Tn 19A6 H. .. - -_=s passed- the Netiona1
Hist:
;it
Pr-==rv_tiCi A=_- the __ _ . comprehensive law deeding with
the
-u ltur. r==-'itr .___ of the n.,,,tinn up to th_t ti. _. Th= 191-,4,
t ;4.1 ,=.:0 r-eater! the Federel J.,._ _ `_y rouncil on Historic
Preservation__e. ia. i_-F_: j_i adz ___ the president t _. i`-1 the Congress _ -
` t t mo_= pertaining
cr__1 "i -y t_ historic
istt. i- ___serv-tS _. responsibilities.
Executive Order 1 :-93 signed by _he T'-resid=n= in 1971
directed federal __= 'i_i__ ti� adopt measures for identifying
end nominating properties
under their
r-6 _ control t_e t were e _
_
potentially eligible __ _ the National rGis _-[ a The
Presidentl tr nrdered
review
f federel programe L'_. inere
thet they would not adversely affect National Register
-j 1 - - -- - i 97- - - =81 helper!
e!!
�� :�}c3i ice=z Tax r'. t��i�i_.ji-i v!3 f .�.. i . -13 _ r a !'j, � _ to
u
create _ more
__ • _ -bie ! !• _ _r _i1- __ climate f jr preserving
older is
Among the requirement=ement= of the 1946 Lew was tF_ 'mak- =.n
" inventory" Cir the cultural resources of this nation to
the t! � end - =de i - The - ty
rd's.- 1�-!!:e `.��.i. 3 ri ....J-{3 :i'=:._._ E!T'i '�=_ 3i-F < _
for this
inventory is almost self-explanatory; to identify
thosecultural resources that _ significant in the history
of the nation end its people. To give the people some idea
-v't the surviving L'f t=-= that links the et with the
future. L,._. 1 96 _ __ ___i._ the
- _t _ _ 1 t_
T.. _ - _ _ _ -F � =e 3 tt c�tom::
_ The _ -� ..x=.._._. _L". vii ri=�.'t'_i s =t•_ __.. _f�_+u :.3
determine- hat existed =ti it could he preserved for future
_
_ t
i,3C:t_ _._L _-- �_. } _- . _=fivi'a _es -_'F 5'fi� to be of [(atZfJi1al
significance were _ len - l_.__d on the National Register of
Historic P1-ace -.v a m=an= t_r lift the individ-u- l sites up to
the.
public tit t=.i_`+i1ii; to , s'
_ _ _ Z= Ci!?
� = u'rC='tortZsi€i to ;.i€e s2te
through i `_e_ti_n ; tut also to provide a national record
fnr hose eitee `-e'=med significant.
Following the 1946 legislation the National Park Service
developed guideline- to be followed in conducting the survey
and criteria for nomination to the National Register of
- srt r � _�===a -efL st e t_ was required , t.
_i[ur_ it_ (SHPO)O)
preservation officer , to survey its jae and
keep a record
of those site= significant to the nation as well e th-
individual - i ' e. To support this survey/inventory of the
t t:
C.i t.. ..s.. c=.i.f~3 i=L`_=i .. �-?l i_- i_�r L'=_ �..f the L 3= 'si=.t Z�J':. _:c= 3`-z�=.t`_i': c'`.? Park
•J
rmI
N Service provided individual states with matching funds to
conduct the survey. Each state allocated money (CLG) to
projects that met state and federal guidelines and each year
new projects were started as completed ones were turned over
n•.) to the state historic preservation office.
Cape Girardeau City received a grant to conduct a
reconnaissance survey of the downtown business/residential
area adjacent to the Mississippi River in 1983. The
objective was to survey all the estimated buildings ( 192) 1n
the defined area as the first step in the eventual survey of
the entire City of Cape Girardeau as required by the 1966
Historic Preservation Act . The area chosen for the survey
was bounded on the north by Bellevue, the west by Lorimier ,
the south by William and on the east by the Mississippi River
Two non-adjacent properties were also included es possible
National Register nominations; Marquette Hotel and the vacant
shoe factory. Part of the survey area lies within a
Redevelopment Districts and information generated from this
survey would be helpful to the city and downtown
redevelopment by identifying the historic•.structures in the
redevelopment district. The reconnaissance level survey
provided historical data that could be used in applying for
historic preservation tax incentives for redevelopment of
specific buildings in the downtown. Another objective of the
rmN survey was to collect data on all the structures in: the
survey area and identify those buildings that were initially
considered locally and/or nationally significant. - Finally,
the project was to be the initial phase of a comprehensive
survey of the entire City of Cape Girardeau, future survey
projects would build on this one.