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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCouncil.Minutes.04-16-2012.RegularProceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16, 2012 II -51 REGULAR SESSION — APRIL 16, 2012 J The Cape Girardeau City Council convened in regular session on Monday, April 16, 2012, at 7:00 p.m., with Mayor Harry Rediger presiding and Council Members Mark Lanzotti, Meg Proffer, Loretta Schneider, Trent Summers, Kathy Swan, and John Voss present. Prior to the regular session, the City Council convened in closed session for purposes of confidential communications with legal counsel, litigation and personnel matters, pursuant to RSMo. Sections 610.021(1), (2), and (3), upon Mrs. Schneider's motion, Mr. Voss' second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. City Attorney Eric Cunningham presented the invocation, and the Pledge of Allegiance was recited. Mrs. Swan made a motion, seconded by Ms. Proffer, to remove from the Consent Agenda the Resolution authorizing an agreement with the Cape Girardeau Chamber of Commerce for the operation of the Convention and Visitors Bureau, and adopt the Agenda as amended. The motion was approved upon the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. PRESENTATIONS The Mayor and Mr. Summers presented a Proclamation to Mrs. Debra Tracy, former Ward 3 Council member, recognizing her service on the City Council for the last seven years. Mrs. Tracy said that the community is all about "we." She said that this has been a great community to work with, and she thanked the current Council and the former Mayor, Mr. Jay Knudtso. COMMUNICATIONS/REPORTS Mayor Rediger said that he was saddened to announce the passing of Mr. Paul Keller, Director of Development for the Isle of Capri. Mr. Keller was instrumental in bringing the casino to Cape Girardeau. Mrs. Schneider commended Mrs. Tracy for many years of service on the Council. Mrs. Schneider also said that she appreciated the confidence that citizens have placed in her, as she begins another four years of service on the Council. PUBLIC HEARINGS This being the date set for a public hearing to consider the proposed annexation of certain contiguous properties into the City limits, and the proposed zoning districts for those properties, the hearing was opened. Mr. Mike Buchanan, of 221 Brandy Lane, addressed the Council and said that he lived in the Wildhorse Creek Ranch Subdivision. He and several neighbors had signed the annexation petition but opposed the annexation. He said he had been asked to sign the petition just a few weeks ago. Mr. Buchanan said his home has had City water for 16 years, but he received a letter saying he must sign the annexation petition or lose the City water utility. He felt that it was an offer he couldn't refuse, and so he reluctantly signed the petition. Mr. Buchanan said that, while annexation is inevitable, there are strong points that would suggest that this is not the best time for Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Reunlar .Session April 16, 2012 —11=52 his neighborhood to be annexed. He had previously presented questions and concerns to the City and wanted to again emphasize some key points. Mr. Buchanan said that he had talked to the East County Fire Chief and had been told that the neighborhood did not have sufficient water pressure to supply a pumper truck. There is no loop in the water system to provide enough water. This could be a liability issue for the City. The Wildhorse Creek Ranch Subdivision is contiguous to the Cape Girardeau City limits by only a small stretch in the southwest corner, and the proposed annexation would create a small island of City land surrounded by the County. Cape Girardeau Police and Fire Department vehicles would have to leave City limits to get to the Subdivision. Mr. Buchanan said that development is sluggish with the economy, and he didn't think there should be a rush to do this. He said that his neighborhood would not be adverse to the annexation because they are under restrictive covenants, but the residents of Wildhorse Creek Ranch Subdivision are overwhelmingly opposed to the annexation at this time. He asked the Council to consider their points and leave them outof the proposed annexation. Mrs. Schneider asked if he received City water service. Mr. Buchanan answered that he had, and said it may have been an oversight. Two other neighborhood residents requested water service and received a request to sign an annexation petition. Mr. Buchanan said that he is billed for water service but he does not have trash service, which would be a benefit. Everyone in the neighborhood has septic systems, and there are no plans to bring sewer lines close enough for them to hook up. They might feel differently about the annexation if they could connect to City sewer lines. Mr. William Bennett, of 258 Ashley Drive, appeared and said that he had signed a petition requesting annexation almost 13 years ago. He bought the lot from Jim Goggins, who had City water lines run to the subdivision during the development. Mr. Bennett was not aware until he started building his house and requested water, that an annexation petition Was required to get City water service for his home. He agreed with Mr. Buchanan that the situation with the fire hydrant water pressure is unacceptable if they are going to be annexed into City limits. Mr. Bennett said that he did not want nor need City trash service, but if he is annexed, he has no choice but to pay for it. Mr. Bennett requested that if his property is annexed, ilshould be zoned RE instead of R-1. Dr. Frank Hayward, of 191 Ashley Drive, addressed the Council and said he does not want to be annexed. He said he did not sign the annexation petition, but the prior owners of his home did. He said there is no provision for sewer or street repair. Dr. Hayward said that a year and a half ago, he watched a house down the hill from his property burn down because there was insufficient water pressure to put out the fire. Firefighters had to pump water from the pond to put the fire out. There being no further appearances, Mayor Rediger closed the hearing and stated that no action will be taken on this item at this meeting. APPEARANCES Dr. Stephen Stigers, of 1343 Oakenwold, addressed the Council regarding the Ordinance banning supplemental deer feeding within City limits. He said the Ordinance is a responsible step in response to the perceived problem of deer overpopulation. Before the issue became prominent in October last year, he did not even know there was a problem. Deer come and go, and he has not seen a deer in the past two weeks. Dr. Stigers said that he has never heard a complaint from his neighbors, but many have commented that they enjoy seeing wildlife. He asked the Council to allow these more conservative measures an opportunity to have an impact before they consider an urban bow hunt. Dr. Stigers said he had driven around the area on Missouri Highway 177, Bertling Street, Sprigg Street, and Lexington Avenue, making note of the speed limits. Going Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16, 2012 II -53 North from Lexington Avenue on Highway 177, the posted speed is 45 m.p.h., however, it is unusual for people to adhere to this limit, and most drivers far exceed the speed limit. The map of vehicle deer collisions show a cluster in that area. He said that it would be safer for motorists, w animals and children, to lower the speed limit to 30 m.p.h. and enforce that limit. Dr. Stigers urged the Council to consider changes to the fencing Ordinances to allow residents to better protect their landscaping. He also urged the Council to consider placing deterrents next to the road where deer are known to cross. He said that he felt urban bow hunting is inhumane and cruel to the animal. Mrs. Cindy Maher, of 633 Highland, appeared regarding the discussion of parking in the Boulevard Local Historic District. The previously approved parking changes were successful in that they eliminated student parking, however, they penalized some of the residents. Mrs. Maher suggested a committee be formed, and she volunteered to serve on this committee, to survey the thirty neighbors in the district to see what they wanted, and report back to the Council with a plan of action. Mrs. Schneider replied that there was no consistency in the comments of the neighbors, and she didn't feel a committee could make an inclusive recommendation. Mrs. Maher said that some residents are having hardships because of the new parking regulations. Some had issues with student parking, and some didn't. She said the parking restrictions could remain as they are now, but a committee should be formed to investigate alternatives and report to the Council. Mrs. Maher said she invited every neighbor in the district to attend the Council meeting tonight, and about 12 came. Mrs. Schneider asked what percentage of the Boulevard Local Historic District residents in attendance were in favor of the parking restrictions as they are now. Mrs. Maher answered that most want a parking voucher system, especially if parking is restricted in front of their home. This is one of the issues she would want the proposed committee to address. Mr. Summers asked if there had been any discussion amongst the neighborhood residents about how many vouchers would be requested per residence. Mrs. Maher answered that certain streets have more of an issue with student parking, especially Normal and Park Streets, and she suggested two vouchers per household. She also requested that the City install a handicap parking space on the street outside the home of Angela Beise. Mrs. Maher said that most people at the public meeting were in favor of a parking voucher program, but they did not want to pay for the vouchers. However, there are some residents who are opposed to the voucher program and to changing the current parking restrictions. Mrs. Angela Beise, of 373 North Park Avenue, addressed the Council and said that she, too, had attended the public meeting at the library. She said that while most people who attended that meeting wanted a parking voucher system, they were split about whether they preferred the current parking regulations. Mr. Donnie Shuck, of 643 Highland Drive, appeared and said that he agreed with the current parking regulations, but he suggested that vouchers could be a better solution. He said that he hoped the Council would look into a parking voucher program. Mrs. Linda Ruddy, of 1222 Normal Avenue, addressed the Council and said that she is happy with the change in the parking regulations, but she knows residents who are not happy, because they need the street parking. She said that she feels safer backing out of her driveway with the parking Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16 7n» __ _. _ 11.54 restrictions, but she would support a parking voucher system. She supports putting together a committee to review the issue. Mrs. Schneider asked if the City could paint the curbs around a driveway to restrict parking. Mr. Tim Gramling, Public Works Director, answered that there is already an Ordinance that restricts parking within five feet of residential driveways, and the City does not paint driveway entrances. There are different parking restrictions if it is a side street, commercial driveway, or parking within a certain distance of an intersection. Mrs. Deb Tracy, of 689 Highland Drive, addressed the Council and said that Southeast Missouri State University is in a growth spurt, and the area has seen an increase in parking problems. The growth is going to continue, but the residents still have concerns about losing the integrity of the Boulevard Local Historic District She said that Police Chief Carl Kinnison had information from the Parking Task Force seven years ago the residents would really like to see. There are many different kinds of voucher systems, and City staff should research the options. Mrs. Tracy said that she felt the City should look at long-range preservation of the historic district in order to prevent having to later reclaim the integrity of the neighborhood. Mr. Lanzotti expressed concerns with enforcement and costs associated with a voucher system. He felt the City should seek revenue -neutral resolutions to the issue. If the parking vouchers are to be issued with no cost to residents, then enforcement would not be revenue -neutral. If the vouchers are issued at a cost, then he asked if it is possibleto generate enough revenue to cover the cost of enforcement. He said that enforcement could be a possible problem, because the City does not have the ability to enforce a parking voucher program full time. Mrs. Tracy replied that those issues were addressed when the no parking signs were installed. Initially, people didn't know what was going on, and they were ticketed. Once they were educated, then it was not a big deal, and it is not a big area to covered with the parking vouchers. Voucher identification comes in many forms. The proposed committee could look at what other cities use. They want to protect their neighborhood. Mrs. Schneider asked if each residence received two vouchers for street parking in front of their home, would signs be required saying that parking is by voucher only. Mrs. Tracy agreed, but said there was no need to determine how many vouchers will be issued right now. A voucher parking system can work many different ways, and the committee could determine the best way it would work in this area and advise the Council. Mr. Voss said that if a parking voucher committee were to meet, the University President and Director of Public Safety should come to the meetings. He said the source of the problem should come to the table to help with the solution. If we are not asking them to partner with us, then we are not addressing the problem. The University needs to address parking issues on campus, and they need to be a part of the solution. Mrs. Tracy said that the neighborhoods do not make University policy, but, as citizens, they can influence City policy. She said that how the University solves their issues with their students is their problem. The Council should address the parking issues with their residents. Mr. Voss responded that the students are residents as well, and the University should be invited to the meetings. Ms. Proffer said that if a parking voucher committee is formed, the University students should be invited to the meetings through social media. Mrs. Maher said that she agreed with inviting the President and Student Body President, but did not support opening up the committee meetings to the students. Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16, 2012 II -55 0 Mr. Paul Kipper, of 1251 Normal Avenue, addressed the Council and said that he felt a voucher system would work. Mr. Kipper said that approximately 8 feet from his driveway, a sign says no W parking from here to corner, and another says no parking at any time. He said that he would like one of those signs removed. Mr. Kipper said that there has been more parking enforcement since the new parking restrictions were adopted than ever before. He has received three tickets himself since the new parking restrictions and he had never been ticketed before the new ordinances. He expects taxes to continue to pay for parking enforcement in the area. Mrs. Ellen Shuck, of 643 Highland Drive, appeared and said that two or three people have told her that they would not buy her house because of the students parking in front of her home. A parking voucher system would help that. The parking issues have caused her property value to decline. Mrs. Shuck said that she supports the current limited parking. Mr. John Boos, of 605 Independence, addressed the Council and asked about on -street parking on Frederick Street and who requested the changes in the current parking. Mr. Meyer said that there will be no parking on the east side of Frederick Street near the Federal Courthouse. A loading zone will be established on the west side of the street. This issue was brought to staff s attention by the City prosecutor. Upon research, it was found that the previously approved Ordinances did not reflect the request of the Federal building when it was built. The Mayor said there will be parking allowed on Frederick Street from 15 feet south of the intersection of Independence to 100 feet south of the intersection, and the remainder of that block will be a loading zone. Mr. Joseph Boos, of 291 Ridge Top Circle, appeared and said that he was Mr. Boos' brother. He said that if the Federal building is going to restrict the parking in front of their property, then the City should restrict them from parking in the City's parking lot next to City Hall. CONSENT AGENDA A motion was made by Mr. Voss, seconded by Mr. Lanzotti, to approve the following items on the Consent Agenda: City Council April 2, 2012, regular and closed sessions minutes; and April 6, 2012, special session minutes. BILL NO. 12-31, AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 30-352 OF THE CITY CODE RELATING TO HISTORIC OVERLAY DISTRICT. Second and third readings. BILL NO. 12-33, AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 30 OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI, BY REZONING 2017 PERRYVILLE ROAD, IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI, FROM R-1 TO NC. Second and third readings.. BILL NO. 12-34, AN ORDINANCE GRANTING A SPECIAL USE PERMIT TO H & S INVESTMENTS, LLC, FOR PURPOSES OF MAINTAINING AND OPERATING A CONVENIENCE STORE WITH GASOLINE PUMPS AT THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF LEXINGTON AVENUE AND PERRYVILLE ROAD, IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI. Second and third readings. A motion approving the transfer of ownership of the Special Use Permit for Lots 1 and 2 of Rivendell Court Subdivision from Rivendell Prop ties, LLC to Rhodes Properties, LC. Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April16 7017_ 11_56 The motion was approved upon the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. BILL NO. 12-31 is ORDINANCE NO. 4306; BILL NO. 12-33 is ORDINANCE NO. 4307; and BILL NO. 12-34 is ORDINANCE NO. 4308. ITEMS REMOVED FROM CONSENT ORDINANCE BILL NO. 12-38 was presented as follows: A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CAPE GIRARDEAU CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INC. AND THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI, FOR OPERATION OF THE CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU, IN THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI. Mrs. Swan made a motion, seconded by Mr. Lanzotti, to approve the reading of BILL NO. 12-38 and to adopt the Resolution. Mrs. Schneider said that she is aware of the history that the City has gone through in operating the Convention and Visitors Bureau. She asked how much money would be saved if it were managed by City staff. Mr. Meyer answered that no study has been done that would say thatthere would be a savings. Mr. Voss said that this agreement establishes the budget for the first year of the five-year agreement. The previous agreement limited the amount of growth in the budget He asked if there was a similar provision in this agreement and how will out -year budget amounts be approved and if there is any limited growth percentage.. Mr. Meyer replied that they will bring their proposed budget to the City to put in our budget. City Attorney Eric Cunningham answered that limitation of growth is in the Settlement Agreement with Drury detailing how the money from the Hotel/Motel/Restaurant Tax will be spent. That Settlement Agreement was approved by Ordinance. The growth limitation has never been included in the agreement with the Chamber of Commerce. This is the same written agreement as the previous one. Mr. Meyer said that he will talk to Finance Director John Richbourg about that issue tomorrow. The reading of BILL NO. 12-38 was approved, and the Resolution adopted upon the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. BILL NO. 12-38 is RESOLUTION NO. 2685. NEW ORDINANCES BILL NO. 12-35 was given first reading as follows: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 6 OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI, AND ADOPTING A NEW SECTION 6-10 RELATING TO NO SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING OF DEER Mr. Lanzotti made a motion, seconded by Mr. Voss, to amend Section 6-10, page 9, of the Ordinance to remove the words "mineral" and "salt," to remove the phrase "or scent related to the rut of the white -tail," and to add language which would make this section of the Ordinance not enforceable in an AG -1 zoning designation. Mr. Lanzotti said that the City's growth in rural areas is the basis for the AGA exemption. In those areas many livestock farmers use minerals and salts with their animals. This Ordinance is Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16, 2012 II -57 designed to preclude individuals from feeding deer and providing an artificial supplement to their food. Precluding the use of scents could be a conflict, if an urban archery program is adopted. Mr. Summers said that he felt the Ordinance was going too far. Vegetables and hay are leading to subjective interpretation. This Ordinance willprohibit some things that may not be htended. The motion to amend was approved upon the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. The first reading of BILL NO. 12-35 was approved as amended upon Mr. Voss' motion, Mrs. Schneider's second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. BILL NO. 12-36 was given first reading as follows: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SCHEDULE V OF SECTION 26-31 OF THE CITY CODE, ESTABLISHING A THIRTY MINUTE LOADING ZONE ON FREDERICK STREET, IN THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI The first reading of BILL NO. 12-36 was approved upon Mr. Voss' motion, Ms. Proffer's second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. BILL NO. 12-37 was given first reading as follows: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SCHEDULE F OF SECTION 26-247 OF THE CITY CODE, ESTABLISHING NO PARKING ALONG PORTIONS OF FREDERICK STREET, IN THE CITY OF CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI The first reading of BILL NO. 12-37 was approved upon Mr. Voss' motion, Ms. Proffer's second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. APPOINTMENTS Mr. Bradley Golden, Mr. Justin Albright, and Mr. Jason Trickey were reappointed to the Airport Advisory Board for terms expiring April 30, 2015, upon Mr. Voss' motion, Mr. Summer's second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. Mr. Bill Eddleman, Ms. Sharon Giebler, Mr. Dick Kent Withers, and Mr. Nicholas Snyder were reappointed to the Historic Preservation Commission for terms expiring April 16, 2015, upon Mrs. Schneider's motion, Mr. Voss' second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. Mr. Lanzotti made a motion, seconded by Mr. Summers, to accept the Mayor's board appointment recommendations as follows: Mr. Lanzotti to the Cape Girardeau Area MAGNET Association Board of Directors; Ms. Proffer to the Comprehensive Plan Oversight Committee and as City liaison to Old Town Cape; Mayor Rediger to the Cape Girardeau Area MAGNET Association Board of Directors; Mrs. Schneider to the Cape Girardeau County Partnership Advisory Committee and the Park Development Foundation; Mrs. Swan to the Comprehensive Plan Oversight Committee; Mr. Summers to the Comprehensive Plan Oversight Committee and as City liaison to the Girardeau Goes Green Advisory Board; and Mr. Voss to the Enhanced Enterprise Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session APA! 16, 2012 -1158 Zone Advisory Board, as Convention and Visitors Bureau Advisory Council Ex -Officio, and as Mayor Pro -Tempore. The motion was approved upon the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. OTHER BUSINESS Mr. Summers asked if the members of the proposed Boulevard Local Historic District parking voucher committee would be established by the Council, or if it would be a citizens group. Mr. Meyer answered that this is already an established Historic District. This would be amatter for the members of this district to reach out to their neighbors, the University, and the neighborhood to come up with a solution they could propose to the Council. It would be good to have the unified proposal from the neighborhood, and they already have an organization to do that. Mr. Meyer said that he attended the last Boulevard Local Historic District meeting. The committee should be asked to be specific about what regulations they want on which streets. They should be asked how they would handle parking permits, who those permits would be issued to, how many will be issued, how much will the permits cost, how will the permits be regulated, and what rules will they be willing to be subject to. Mr. Meyer said the committee could be provided with City staff support. Mrs. Schneider said that she did not feel the Council should appoint someone, because there is already a Historic District. Mr. Summers asked to be involved in any of the meetings and act as a Couruil liaison. Mrs. Swan said that she felt the committee should reach out to the University, particularly University President Dr. Ken Dobbin's office, the student government, and the Department of Public Safety, before coming back to the City. The committee might want to work amongst themselves and develop a plan, then present their proposition to the Council. Mrs. Maher said they don't want to do all the work if there is no way that the Council will consider a parking voucher system. She said that from the news articles that she has read, and the Council's body language, she felt that the Council is not open to a parking voucher system at all. Mr. Voss stated that he is reluctant to approve a voucher system because of the financial issues involved. On Alta Vista, the neighborhood came together and talked with the Council at that time. There were long time residents that told him that there was a voucher system in the community many years ago, and the vouchers were abandoned due to administrative costs. This would put the City in the middle of this parking issue. There will not be unanimous support for any parking restrictions. The expenses need to be kept down to a normal level. The Mayor recommended that the Historic District committee move ahead and come back to the Council with their best proposed solution for the Council's consideration. Mrs. Tracy said that the previous Parking Task Force was appointed by the Council, and she asked what City staff involvement the committee could expect. Mrs. Tracy said that the members of the historic district are not staff and were not hired to do research. Other advisory committees are not put in charge of conducting their own research. That isa City staff function Mayor Rediger suggested that City staff could research other voucher systems. Mr. Meyer said that the Parking Task Force has convened twice and has already done research and made two recommendations Mr. Summers said that he could meet with the City Manager and review the research already collected by the City and use that as a starting point for the residents of the district. Mr. Meyer Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Regular Session April 16, 2012 II -59 replied that there have already been two Parking Task Force committee4 and he will share that data. He suggested that the Boulevard Local Historic District parking voucher committee develop a proposal based on all the information the City has received, compare it with the City staff recommendation, and present their recommendation to the Council. The Mayor said that the Boulevard District will research this matter and utilize Mr. Summers as a Council liaison to the committee and report back to the Council. There being no further business, the City Council adjourned upon Mr. Lanzotti's motion, Mr. Voss' second, and the following vote: Ayes, Lanzotti, Proffer, Rediger, Schneider, Summers, Swan, and Voss. Nays, none. a j Phtfry E. Rediger, Kayor �C t Gayle Conrad, City Clerk Proceedings of the City Council, City of Cape Girardeau, Mo. Session THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. -JH"- 0